Before Luke decides to join in the fight against his former student, Kylo Ren, he is visited by Yoda's Force Ghost who summons a bolt of lightning and strikes the last remnants of the sacred Jedi texts, effectively destroying them.
Grandmaster Yoda himself was capable of summoning force lightning in the form of Emerald Lightning. Shaak Ti utilized this Force power. Her killer, Galen Marek was an extremely skilled user of this Force power, even after his conversion to the light side.
One of the main villains of Star Wars: The Clone Wars, Dooku's lightning is one of his main weapons, much like his master Palpatine. But he learned the skill back when he was still a Jedi, and even used it to save his Padawan, Qui-Gon Jinn.
She and Kylo Ren were both trying to bring the transport to themselves with the Force, and in her anger, she accidentally unleashed lightning upon it, destroying the ship immediately.
He tried, but was unprepared for the sheer power of Sidious' blast. It was magnitudes of order more powerful than Dooku's lightning, and it overwhelmed the defenses Yoda tried to throw up against it. Yoda just had no idea it would be so much stronger than what Dooku was able to muster.
There are two possible reasons for this; Kylo was never taught the skill or he simply chose not to use it. Rey, on the other hand, struggled with the temptation of the dark side at that moment and was fighting a connection to her grandfather, unbeknownst to her.
Although, with the battle against Mace Windu in his office, Palpatine's Force-lightning was reflected back and scarred his face, making it wrinkled and appear far older than he already was.
Mace Windu, with his lightsaber combat form Vaapad, could reflect the lightning back to its source with a "superconducting loop". It required tremendous effort on the reflector's part, however, as seen in Windu's battle with Palpatine; Windu was seemingly able to overcome Palpatine's lightning.
Legend had it that Yoda—a Jedi who became Grand Master—was trained by N'Kata Del Gormo. A Force-sensitive Hysalrian, N'Kata Del Gormo was trained in the ways of the Force and achieved the rank of Master within the Jedi Order.
When it comes down to both combatants in their prime, Yoda was superior to Darth Vader. That debate extends even further to prime Anakin Skywalker as well. He would have been outmatched by Yoda for many of the same reasons Obi-Wan outmatched him, and more.
Despite being an immensely powerful dark side ability and the fact that other Sith in cybernetic suits, like Darth Malgus were able to use Force lighting, Darth Vader never did. This was mostly because of his specific suit.
Vader knew that he could never defeat Palpatine by himself (especially after his master bested him on Exegol as well), which is why he tried to recruit Luke to help overthrow him during the Empire Strikes Back. He may have not been able to overthrow the Emperor, but he could throw him over the railing to save his son.
He was fully in control of the fight when he was blasting Luke. Instead of trying to outright kill his enemy, Palpatine just used enough force lightning to torture him for his entertainment. Not only that, but Luke didn't have to endure it for as long as the Sith Lord.
Summary. Some dark siders can conceal their appearance with the Force, hiding physical signs of corruption like yellow eyes and aged features. Palpatine's yellow Sith eyes may have been hidden through a dark side illusion, potentially masking his true form from the Jedi.
Yoda is a Jedi Master, and he's had centuries to perfect his skills. He's so attuned to the Force that he can channel it through his body, using it as a conductor to absorb and neutralize that electric zap. It's like catching lightning in a jar, but instead, Yoda just absorbs it into his green, wrinkly skin.
In canon, it has been speculated that Anakin could, but never learned how to before becoming Darth Vader. As Darth Vader, it's possible that he never did because lightning might be a technique where the electricity travels through your entire body, and Vader is mostly mechanical, so he would destroy his own body/limbs.
Although instead of incapacitating like Plo Koon would, he has used it to instantaneous kill his targets although apparently has only used this against the Yuuzhan Vong. Legends Luke could use Force Lightning although he called it Electric Judgement, but it was Force Lightning all the same.
It's also possible that Rey's heritage has something to do with her use of Force Lightning. As previously noted, this was Palpatine's most famous power, so she may have inherited a natural talent for it. Rey using Force Lightning could have been foreshadowing for the reveal that Palpatine is Rey's grandfather.
