Dwarves were long-lived, with a lifespan of some 250 years. They breed slowly, for no more than a third of them are female, and not all marry. Tolkien names only one female, Dís, Thorin's sister. They are still considered children in their 20s, as Thorin was at age 24; and as "striplings" in their 30s.
Does dwarfism shorten life expectancy? Most people with dwarfism have a normal life expectancy. People with achondroplasia at one time were thought to have a life span shorter by about 10 years than the general population.
People with dwarfism can lead healthy, active lives. The Americans with Disabilities Act protects their rights. Types of skeletal dysplasia and the severity of medical needs vary from person to person. In general, with proper medical care, life span is not affected by having dwarfism.
The precise average is likely difficult to find given how many Dwarves die in battle, so it's assumed that most die of old age between 250 and 350 years old. As a comparison, the average Man has a lifespan of 80-100 years, whereas Hobbits typically live around 100-120.
Elves have the ability to live forever thanks to their immortality. Elves like Elrond, who was over 6000 years old in The Lord of the Rings, are not hard to come by. That being said, Elves who go into battle are aware of the risk to their immortality, willing to risk a long healthy life for the sake of a greater cause.
How long do dwarves and elves live in Lord of the Rings?
At what age do elves stop aging?
Puberty and full height are attained at around their fiftieth to one hundredth year, when they stop aging physically. Elves marry freely, monogamously, only once, and for love early in life; adultery is unthinkable.
"Elves have a gestation period of approximately nine months, just as humans and other similarly sized creatures do. Once a child is born, his or her parents usually raise the youngster for the first few years, and then foster him or her out to a succession of older relatives until he or she reaches maturity."
He died at the age of 210, after 122 years as king. The graves of the hobbits Merry and Pippin (who had died in Gondor 58 years earlier) were set beside his. He was succeeded on the throne by his son, Eldarion. Arwen, heartbroken by the loss of her husband, died shortly afterwards in Lothlórien.
We know that the storylines in The Rings of Power are set in the Second Age, which occur thousands of years before the events of The Lord of the Rings. We also know that when Galadriel finally returns to her birthplace of Valinor after the destruction of the One Ring, she is over 8,000 years old.
Their muscle is more like densely compressed meat in a small body (the same amount of flesh as a man). For so heavy and dense flesh they have got stronger bones to support them in such a small body. So, they are very tough and strong, men and elves aren't even close to the physical strength of a dwarf.
Because Aulë did not have access to The Flame Imperishable in the creation of the Dwarves, they are not immortal like Elves. So in this Second Age, the Dwarves are still quite close to their creation story as it's been just over 1,000 years that Dwarves have existed at this point.
As well as being short, some people with restricted growth also have other physical problems, such as bowed legs or an unusually curved spine. But most people don't have any other serious problems and are able to live a relatively normal life, with a normal life expectancy.
Immortality, too, is represented in multiple ways in The Lord of the Rings. The Elves are immortal, while other races like the Dwarves and the Ents are long-lived.
Through the influence of the Ring, Gollum's life was extended far beyond that of other members of his clan. An average hobbit lifespan is over 100 years, but a span of 556 years separates Gollum's finding of the Ring and its destruction, by which time he was almost 600 years old.
In The Silmarillion, Galadriel and Celeborn meet in the First Age of Middle-earth, in the elven realm of Doriath. They marry and have children, including their daughter Celebrían, who goes on to marry Elrond and give birth to Arwen.
Isildur's father was Elendil, descended from Elros, founder of the Kingdom of Númenor. Since Elros was half-elven, from the marriage of Beren to the elf Lúthien, he and his descendants enjoyed much longer life than other men.
Elrond is about 1,500 years old in The Rings of Power, 4,000 years younger than when he first encountered Bilbo Baggins in The Hobbit or the Fellowship in The Lord of the Rings.
The closest approximation of Gandalf's physical age is 24,000 years old according to Gandalf himself. Yet various dates of key events in other Tolkien texts show that Gandalf has actually only walked in his physical form for just over two thousand years.
Monogamy is practised and adultery is unthinkable. By their very nature, they are "seldom swayed by the desires of the body" or influenced by lust. They marry only once for it was ruled by Manwë that, "'since the Elves are by nature permanent in life within Arda, so also is their unmarred marriage.
