With his powers amplified by a Force dyad, Sidious unleashed a storm of Force lightning upon his enemies above Exegol. Although its use was officially forbidden by the Jedi Order for most of its history, light-siders like the Jedi could also use this power.
Galen Marek was another Force-user who could channel lightning that would kill on contact. Both Kyle Katarn and Darth Sidious could conjure lightning so powerful that not only would it instantly kill its target, it would also physically hurl them backwards.
Blue in color, Sith shoot Force lightning from their hands by calling on their hatred and aggressive feelings. However, while a deadly weapon, it is not unstoppable.
Although, with the battle against Mace Windu in his office, Palpatine's Force-lightning was reflected back and scarred his face, making it wrinkled and appear far older than he already was.
Darth Vader can not use force lighting, because of his severed arms. Robotic hands can't summon the force lighting. However Darth Vader can still use other forms of the force, such as force choke.
He was fully in control of the fight when he was blasting Luke. Instead of trying to outright kill his enemy, Palpatine just used enough force lightning to torture him for his entertainment. Not only that, but Luke didn't have to endure it for as long as the Sith Lord.
While many Star Wars fans would consider Yoda and Palpatine to be almost perfect antitheses of one another, it seems that they share a strange connection through Yoda's usage of Force Lightning in The Last Jedi that is eerily similar to something Palpatine did just a few years prior–and that connection goes much deeper ...
As Darth Vader, he was one of the strongest beings in the entire galaxy. But even then, he was never able to surpass his master, Darth Sidious. A Sith Apprentice can only become the master when they murder the one who trained them.
She and Kylo Ren were both trying to bring the transport to themselves with the Force, and in her anger, she accidentally unleashed lightning upon it, destroying the ship immediately.
Born on the Mid Rim planet Naboo in 84 BBY as the High Republic Era ended, Sidious possessed a strong connection to the Force, and was secretly trained in the ways of the Sith by Darth Plagueis.
Sidious himself felt that he and his peers had outgrown the use of lightsabers, and only continued carrying them to mock the Jedi. He ultimately viewed his own lightsabers as little more than an affectation, and rarely wielded them in combat.
In Canon, this is not really about Darth Sidious who taught Dooku or Maul, Dooku was already able to use Force lightning as a Jedi Master, before even knowing Sidious.
In canon, it has been speculated that Anakin could, but never learned how to before becoming Darth Vader. As Darth Vader, it's possible that he never did because lightning might be a technique where the electricity travels through your entire body, and Vader is mostly mechanical, so he would destroy his own body/limbs.
It became seen as a gateway to the dark side, with some choosing to practice it in secret. Remarkably, Mace Windu is only one of a few Form VII users who didn't fall to the dark side thanks to his refining Juyo into Vaapad.
Mace Windu, with his lightsaber combat form Vaapad, could reflect the lightning back to its source with a "superconducting loop". It required tremendous effort on the reflector's part, however, as seen in Windu's battle with Palpatine; Windu was seemingly able to overcome Palpatine's lightning.
Some Jedi do not even need a lightsaber to block Force lightning, with Master Yoda catching it in his hands. There is some evidence he absorbed the power of Force lightning into himself, using it to boost his own Force power.
Like his master, Darth Sidious, better known as Sheev Palpatine, Maul's main weakness was his overconfidence. In Luke Skywalker's confrontation with Palpatine during The Return of the Jedi, he tells the Emperor that his overconfidence is his weakness.
Consisting often of former Jedi, the Inquisitors were initially weak in the usage of the dark side of the Force and utilized the defensive fighting discipline common to most of the Jedi Order - which emphasized maintaining a strong defense and only moving to attack when there was no other recourse available.
In Revenge of the Sith, we see Darth Sidious seemingly deformed by his own deflected Force lighting. Right off the bat, this is by far the most popular and likely explanation for his appearance.
Yoda chose not to train Luke in lightsaber combat to teach him that being a hero and aggressive warrior are not the core values of a Jedi. Luke Skywalker's actions in The Last Jedi show that he took Yoda's lesson to heart by prioritizing the use of the Force over focusing heavily on lightsaber training.
