If we put Bilbo at about 3'10”, a very respectable Hobbit height, that means Thorin stands at about 4'6”, which is a very respectable Dwarf height. He might not be the tallest dwarf in Middle Earth, but he's certainly not the smallest.
Thorin had a white beard and wore a sky-blue hood with a long silver tassel. Around his neck he wore a golden chain, upon which he attached his grandfather's key. He wore a belt of gold and jewels, and his stockings were yellow.
Thorin Oakenshield in the book was a very mature dwarf and with a longer beard. He may have been slightly taller than most dwarves, but he was not tall. In the movie his beard was way, way, way too short, not grey enough and he was very very tall.
As noted by the other answers, he was 195 years old at the time of The Hobbit. He was most likely aged down in the films for a variety of reasons. With Tolkien dwarves having an average life expectancy of 250 years, he was late middle aged to old.
Are Fili and Kili half-elves? Fili and Kili are not half-elf. They are the maternal nephews of Thorin Oakenshield, the dwarf, and are themselves dwarves of the line of Durin, the Longbeards.
Thorin Oakenshield is portrayed in the Hobbit films as having a height of 5'2" (1.57 m) based on a comparative analysis of film frames. Thorin Oakenshield was the grandson of King Thoror and son of Thrain II.
Bombur was one of the Dwarves of Thorin's company who journeyed to Erebor to challenge the dragon Smaug. Bombur's distinguishing characteristic was his size, for he was the fattest of the thirteen Dwarves.
Dwarves were typically around 4 feet tall. Hobbits averaged 3′6″ - Bandobras “Bullroarer” Took was for a long time the tallest Hobbit in history, at 4′5″, but after drinking Treebeard's Ent-draught, Merry and Pippin apparently surpassed him by an undisclosed amount.
Thorin. Thorin from the books is also quite different from the movies, and while some fans weren't thrilled with this, it does make sense for the big screen. However, whatever version you're looking at, Thorin is the leader and the most intelligent of the dwarves.
Their deaths and Thorin's did not end Durin's line, although did end the branch which had Thror, Thrain, and Thorin Oakenshield. Thorin's cousin, Dain Ironfoot, became King after Thorin's death. Dain's son, Thorin Stonehelm, became King after Dain died in the Battle of Dale. The line continued on after that.
“Farewell, good thief,” [Thorin] said. “I go now to the halls of waiting to sit beside my fathers, until the world is renewed. Since I leave now all gold and silver, and go where it is of little worth, I wish to part in friendship from you, and I would take back my words and deeds at the Gate.”
Thórin Oakenshield was born in TA 2746 and was 195 years old when he perished in the Battle of Five Armies in the book. In the film trilogy, he was born in TA 2837 and was 104 when he was killed by Azog the Defiler.
Fíli and Kíli were nephews of Thorin, who was the elder brother of their mother, Dís. They were also nephews of Frerin, grandsons of Thráin II, and great-grandsons of Thrór. Fíli's most distinguishing feature was his long nose, the longest of any of the Dwarves in Thorin's company.
Thorin belongs to the race of Dwarves, typically short, stocky beings with long beards and shining eyes. Dwarves are described as being "between four and five feet tall," which makes them shorter than Men (humans) and taller than Halflings (Hobbits).
Thorin apologizes to Bilbo, saying that the world would be a better place if only more folks were like him. He asks for Bilbo's forgiveness. He bids farewell, and dies. Bilbo cries over the loss of Thorin – but is so glad that he made it in time to say goodbye and to make amends before he died.
Once Thorin gets his hands on Smaug's treasure, he becomes irrationally greedy and obsessed with wealth, to the extent that he would rather wage a violent war than give the men from Lake Town their fair share of the treasure.
I recall an issue of Rolling Stone quoting Jackson saying something along the lines of this: we made Thorin a lot younger than he was in the book, because it makes his quest more important to audiences if he isn't near the end of his life anyway. So instead of being about 86, we made him around 45 or 50.
The magic camera trick used to get proper Hobbit height is called Forced Perspective. Because forced perspective usually relies on very specific camera angles, The Lord of the Rings used moving sets that would shift in sync with the camera, maintaining the same sense of perspective throughout the shot.
He said that in his own mind he came up with the idea that Thorin cut his beard out of shame at losing his kingdom and would someday regrow his nice, long, powerful beard when he had regained his rightful throne.
