The two men battled across a planet bursting with lava, making it clear that only one would be able to walk away as the victor. It would ultimately be Obi-Wan who won the day after the Sith-turned Anakin over-estimated his own abilities, but the win was anything but easy.
He meant that he "killed" that part of him. Anakin as in the jedi, the compassionate, good person he was is nowhere to be found after he turned to the dark side.
With Anakin's mother dead, his padawan Ahsoka estranged and his faith in Obi-Wan and the rest of the Jedi council fading, Padmé was all he had left by the climax of Revenge of the Sith. By eliminating her, Palpatine would be the only one left for Anakin to turn to and therefore would have complete control over him.
Darth Maul and Darth Vader never met in the Star Wars canon, although Maul and Anakin Skywalker were heavily involved in key events of the Clone Wars. That includes the Siege of Mandalore, in which Anakin would have participated had it not been for the Chancellor's kidnapping.
While it seemed like Anakin had lived a long life, his choices eventually led to his demise at 45. Though half of his life was filled with tragedy, he managed to make things right with the time he had and gained a Jedi burial that had him reunite with his old Master and Yoda.
As the heat began to consume Anakin, a grief-stricken Obi-Wan turned away, unable to watch his former Padawan and friend die. But Anakin lived. Rescued by Darth Sidious, he was encased in black armor and became known as Darth Vader, the Empire's brutal enforcer.
A year later, with his health rapidly declining, Yoda died of old age and became one with the Force in 4 ABY, shortly before Luke redeemed his father Anakin, who fulfilled his destiny as the Chosen One by killing Sidious.
The story is Anakin was manipulated to the dark side by Palpatine based on fears of losing Padme and appeals to his desire power and agency, over his life and the galaxy as a whole. Part of me wonders why he believed/ trusted Palpatine to begin with.
Moments later, Vader confronts him, and they engage in a lightsaber duel. Obi-Wan uses the duel to distract Vader as Luke, Leia, Han, and Chewbacca escape to the Falcon. Obi-Wan allows Vader to strike him down, and his body mysteriously vanishes the moment he dies.
In Star Wars Legends and Canon, Galen Marek (Starkiller) is the only Jedi (other than Obi-Wan Kenobi) to put a beat down on Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker.
The realistic answer seems to be, yes, Anakin in his prime could have defeated Luke Skywalker (in the current canon) if they battled one-on-one. The main reason behind this is Luke's lack of formal Jedi training, at least when it comes to combat.
He couldn't bring himself to kill Darth Vader, however, because he continues to associate him with the Anakin he trained as a boy. This is also the exact reason why Obi-Wan didn't kill Anakin on Mustafar despite the opportunity a decade earlier in Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith.
Many are often shocked to find that Obi-Wan was only 57 years old when he died fighting Darth Vader in A New Hope. For many, the issue of Obi-Wan's age is a plot hole, as he was initially seen as this old solitary man, but Star Wars made him younger than he looked in the original trilogy.
Anakin was 23 yrs old when he turned to the dark side (19BBY) and his children were 23 when they defeated him. He was 46 at the time of his death (4ABY), meaning he also spent 23 yrs as Vader. At 23, he chose the dark, while at 23, his children did the opposite by embracing the light and turning him.
Regardless, based on the season 7 of The Clone Wars, and the fact that Darth Maul was aware of Anakin Skywalker's future and his role as the Chosen One, it is very likely that Darth Maul indeed feared Darth Vader to some extent, and preferred to avoid a direct confrontation with him, at least, on his own.
Still, Maul didn't care about any casualties so long as he could kill the Jedi, so Anakin's life really was in danger during that moment in Episode I. Had Maul killed Anakin in The Phantom Menace, Sidious would've lost his biggest weapon.
Shmi informs Qui-Gon that Anakin has no father, leading Qui-Gon to suggest that Anakin is a product of midi-chlorians (Force-imparting microorganisms). As the film progresses, Anakin leaves Tatooine to begin his Jedi training.
At some point after his transformation into the armored Darth Vader, Amidala's husband, the fallen Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker came to visit the mausoleum, stricken by grief and remorse for his part in her death.
Anakin does not have even the slightest bit of remorse. By the end, he feels nothing but anger. Although he feels regret for killing Padme, he still helps the evil Emperor. The film ends with Anakins standing side by side with the man on whose behalf he has committed all his crimes.
