Do reincarnated elves live in Valinor along with those who decided not to leave Valinor? Yes, if they were reincarnated there, although they can sail back to Middle Earth if they wish or are sent. Glorfindel spent about a thousand years in Valinor before being sent back to Middle Earth.
But whether they've been to Valinor before or not, all elves go there when they die, and all elves can leave Valinor and sail to the rest of Middle-earth if they want — though that hasn't happened particularly often in Tolkien's work, and when it has it's usually a big deal.
Once an Elf is granted passage from the Grey Havens to Valinor, they sail across the Sundering Seas and enter the Undying Lands, never to return to Middle-earth. Valinor is its own sort of heaven, an eternal land of paradise for Elves to live among the gods.
Elves are immortal but can be killed in battle, in which case they go to the Halls of Mandos in Aman for an afterlife. They may be restored by the Will of the Valar, and then go to live with the Valar in Valinor, like an Earthly Paradise, though just being in the place does not confer immortality, as Men supposed.
The purpose of this ban was to prevent a longing for the immortality of those in the Undying Lands. So, though the easternmost part of Tol Eressëa was at times visible to those in Númenor, they were banned from visiting there, or any other part of Aman.
Aragorn vs Sauron unreleased scene (better quality) - edited
Why did Galadriel refuse Valinor?
Although in the latest version of the story, Galadriel's story changed significantly, far from joining Fëanor's rebellion, she opposed him in nearly everything. And that she wished to leave Valinor and go to the vast world of Middle-earth, to give free rein there to her talents.
Yet no mortal can survive forever. And after their marriage, both Aragorn and Arwen are mortal. Arwen, therefore, could not set foot in the Undying Lands without special permission. And she wouldn't be likely to go after it in the end.
By the Time of The Lord of the Rings, Galadriel Is Over 8000 Years Old. With Galadriel being born in YT 1362, that means she lived for 138 years in Valinor, as the Years of the Trees ended in 1500. So, her 138 years, multiplied by 9.582, places Galadriel at 1322 years old when the First Age of Middle-earth began.
No, Galadriel / Artanis was not the last surviving elf born in Aman. Her cousin and kinslayer, prince Maglor(1), was born in Valinor too, if you go strictly by the people who survived all ages of Middle-earth and did not die and subsequently go to Halls of Mandos.
Men were never allowed to enter the Undying Lands after the fall of Numenor and any attempts to reach the lands would result in failure or disaster. Aragorn, despite his heroic deeds, likely wouldn't have accepted an invitation to ensure his duties as king.
Elrond departed the valley of Rivendell in TA 3021, marking the end of the Third Age. Afterward, Rivendell was for a time the dwelling place of his sons Elladan and Elrohir and also of Celeborn. It is untold when the valley was finally abandoned.
Gandalf's last job in Middle-earth was to bring Bilbo and Frodo Baggins, the Ring-bearers, to the Undying Lands. It could be that this task was exactly why Gandalf stayed in Middle-earth for so long after the One Ring was destroyed.
Firstly, being there does not confer immortality, contrary to what the Númenóreans supposed. Secondly, those mortals like Frodo who are allowed to go there will eventually choose to die.
Only the Elves could sail there by the Straight Road, if in ships capable of passing out of the Spheres of the Earth. By special permission of the Valar, the Hobbits Frodo Baggins, Bilbo Baggins, and Samwise Gamgee were also permitted to go to Valinor, as they had once borne the One Ring of Sauron.
All those Elves who never reached Valinor are "Dark Elves." In the First Age, the Sindar viewed the term "Moriquendi" as offensive, so the Noldorin Exiles gave the name Úmanyar ("Those not of Aman") to those who started the journey but did not finish it.
Gimli is not the last of the dwarves. This is a common misconception because Gimli is the only dwarf who gets a fair amount of coverage in the franchise. Lord of the Rings focuses its narrative primarily on the affairs of men, elves, and hobbits. Dwarves are a secluded race that lives in the mountains.
He bade farewell to Samwise, Merry, and Pippin (the later two of whom he had forewarned of the passage), then boarded the ship beside Frodo, Bilbo, Elrond, and Galadriel. The ship passed west upon the sea, and then took the hidden straight path to Valinor. Gandalf became Olórin once more.
Being one of the chief leaders of the Noldorin rebellion, Galadriel was not allowed to return and a ban was set upon her, to which she replied that she had no wish to do so.
Generally, the Valar only permitted immortals the right to reside in the Undying Lands. In the Third Age, Frodo, Bilbo, and later Gimli got special dispensation to travel to the Undying Lands because they were ring-bearers. Going to Valinor did not grant them immortality.
Elrond's was born nearly 600 years after Galadriel, but he was born as a half-elf, and so until he made the choice to become an elf, he aged at a faster rate, though still slower than mortals. Tolkien says that his initial 24 "growth years" took 24 sun years, after which each life-years took five sun years.
Because it would have been a massive plot hole that breaks the logic of the story. The Valar are orders of magnitude more powerful than Sauron, even at full potential just after his fall into the influence of Melkor, or any force Sauron could control.
Arwen reciprocated Aragorn's love, and on the mound of Cerin Amroth they committed themselves to marrying each other. In making that choice, Arwen gave up the Elvish immortality available to her as a daughter of Elrond, and agreed to remain in Middle-earth instead of travelling to the Undying Lands.
Yes, if they were reincarnated there, although they can sail back to Middle Earth if they wish or are sent. Glorfindel spent about a thousand years in Valinor before being sent back to Middle Earth. Dead elves can either be resurrected, re-embodied or reincarnated.
