Eru Ilúvatar then sunk the island of Númenor beneath a giant wave, killing all of the inhabitants including the body of Sauron, which prevented him from assuming "fair and charming forms".
But it was destroyed by Eru Ilúvatar. Númenor itself was sunk beneath the Sundering Seas. The sad story of Númenor echoes the fall of Atlantis, the mythical Greek kingdom, and Biblical retribution. Tolkien was a devout Catholic and interweaved his beliefs into the fabric of Arda.
The Downfall of Númenor, also called the Fall or Drowning of Númenor, was the utter destruction of the island of Númenor, a divine punishment by Eru Ilúvatar to the Númenóreans for breaking the Ban of the Valar.
According to Tolkien, Ar-Pharazôn became obsessed with the idea of immortality. Sauron persuaded him that this could be gained through the worship of Morgoth, leading to the construction of a temple dedicated to the first Dark Lord, and the destruction of the White Tree of Númenor.
Convincing many officials to worship Morgoth, they quickly became corrupted to his side, to the point where Sauron successfully convinced King Ar-Pharazôn to betray the Valar and besiege them.
Elros, the twin brother of Elrond, became the first king of Númenor, marking the beginning of Aragorn's kingly lineage. Elros was approximately the 63rd great-grandfather to Aragorn. This also means that Elrond was his equally distant great-uncle, making Arwen (his wife) his first cousin, 64 times removed.
I think it's probably fair to say that the Dunadain of both Arnor and Gondor considered themselves Numenoreans in exile. Aragorn himself told Arwen on his deathbed that he was “the last Numenorean”.
Sauron did not fear as we think of the word. He was very cautious of the men of Numenor and the remaining Noldor in exile. No other force seemed to give him pause since the First Age. This was his undoing.
"He was Aragorn son of Arathorn, the nine and thirtieth heir in the right line from Isildur, and yet more like Elendil than any before him." Aragorn was a descendant of Elros Tar-Minyatur.
Númenor first appears in The Lord of the Rings, as the vague land of "Westernesse", an advanced civilisation which had existed long ago, far to the west over the Sea, and the ancestral home of the Dúnedain.
For The Rings of Power, Númenórian hatred of Elves built over time out of jealously for their immortality. In The Silmarillion, Tolkien outlines the downfall of Númenor as a slow burn that began with the Ban of the Valar, which entailed the first Númenórians agreeing to never sail west toward Valinor.
The story was abandoned, but Tolkien reused the characters and events. Isildur features briefly in voiced-over flashback sequences of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. The video game Middle-earth: Shadow of War departs from Tolkien's narrative by having Sauron make Isildur into a Nazgûl or ringwraith.
Although Sauron's body was destroyed in the Fall of Númenor, his spirit was able to bear the Ring back to Middle-earth and he wielded it in his renewed war against the Last Alliance of Elves and Men between SA 3429 and 3441.
In 3429 Sauron captured Minas Ithil and burnt the White Tree. Yet Isildur escaped with his wife and sons, and a seedling of the White Tree. While Anárion held Osgiliath, Isildur and his family sailed down the Anduin, then northwest his father in Arnor and to Gil-galad in Lindon.
Gondor was founded by the brothers Isildur and Anárion, exiles from the downfallen island kingdom of Númenor. Along with Arnor in the north, Gondor, the South-kingdom, served as a last stronghold of the Men of the West.
Isildur was born in Númenor in the year SA 3209 of the Second Age. His younger brother Anárion was born in SA 3219. They lived at the haven of Rómenna on the east coast of the island of Númenor. Their father was Elendil and their grandfather was Amandil, the Lord of Andúnië.
Arvedui, Isildur's Heir through twenty-three generations, was the last King to rule in the north; he attempted to reclaim the High Kingship, but failed, and the last remnant of royal Arnor was overrun by its enemies. Now the line of Isildur in the north became forgotten by nearly all.
Legolas does not marry or have any children, based on the appendix of The Lord of the Rings. Regardless of who his mother was, Legolas is the last of his line. When he sails into the West at the beginning of the Fourth Age, he leaves no family members behind.
Yes, they are related. Isildur is a 24th generation descendant of Elrond's brother Elros. Isildur's father Elendil was the last Númenor-born Lord of Andúnië and was the leader of the Faithful who escaped the destruction of the island to Middle Earth.
Yes, Sauron willingly went as prisoner to Númenor and took the One Ring with him. He was most delighted to work his evil in Númenor under the guise of a penitent; and he used the Ring to dominate the mind of Ar-Pharazôn and to sway the people of Númenor into the worship of Morgoth.
Bloodlines are very important in Tolkien's stories, and it makes a lot of sense that Sauron would fear the great-grandson of the man who cut off his hand. Aragorn carried the blood of Numenor with him. His genetic connection to the heroes of the Second Age established him as a dangerous opponent of Sauron.
Realising he could not defeat the Númenóreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King Ar-Pharazôn in S.A. 3262. There, he quickly grew from captive to adviser and was known as Zigûr, the Wizard; he seduced the King and further corrupted the people.
He died at the age of 210, after 122 years as king. The graves of the hobbits Merry and Pippin (who had died in Gondor 58 years earlier) were set beside his. He was succeeded on the throne by his son, Eldarion. Arwen, heartbroken by the loss of her husband, died shortly afterwards in Lothlórien.
However, he does not possess the ability to live forever, and he cannot choose to be mortal or immortal like Arwen, the half-Elf he loves and eventually claims as his wife. Because Aragorn is mortal and Arwen chose to remain in Gondor and become mortal, their son, Eldarion, is mortal as well, despite his Elven lineage.
In the year 121 of the Fourth Age, after Aragorn's death, Arwen died of a broken heart at Cerin Amroth in Lórien, and was buried there one year after the death of Aragorn, to whom she had been wedded for 122 years. She was 2901 years old.
