Over the next several years, several prominent DC characters are going to become public domain. Superman becomes public domain in 2034 followed by Batman in 2035 and then Wonder Womanin 2036. Many JSA and other golden age characters will become PD over the next few years as well, some earlier than Superman.
The copyright term for a comic book published in the 1930s up through 1978 ends at the end of the year 95 years after initial publication. Thus, Action Comics #1, the first appearance of Superman and cover dated June 1938, will enter public domain beginning January 1, 2034.
After decades of protection, several notable properties will enter the public domain in 2024 and beyond. That means you can use them without having to pay a licensing fee. Most notably for the toy industry, these public domain characters include Mickey Mouse, Superman, Winnie the Pooh, Bambi, Batman, and Bugs…
The beloved mouse that is nearly a century old will soon enter public domain — the original Mickey Mouse's copyright expires in 2024. This anthropomorphic mouse is recognizable even by the silhouette of his ears and, in some ways, has been the face of The Walt Disney Co. since his 1928 creation.
Spider-Man will enter the public domain in 2058. What will this entail? Some of your favourite fictional characters may be entering the public domain soon. Copyright law in the United States dictates that works published after the 95th year of publication will no longer be affected by copyright.
Copyright protection generally lasts for 70 years after the death of the author. If the work was a "work for hire", then copyright persists for 120 years after creation or 95 years after publication, whichever is shorter.
Pooh, Piglet, Kanga, Roo, Owl, Eeyore and Christopher Robin all became public domain on January 1 last year when the copyright on A.A. Milne's 1926 book, Winnie-the-Pooh, with illustrations by E.H. Shepard, expired.
Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1931, films released in 1931, and other works published in 1931, will enter the public domain in 2027.
Siegel never applied for termination, but his heirs did after his death. On April 3, 1997, Joanne Siegel and Laura Siegel Larson served DC Comics a termination notice for Superman which became effective on April 16, 1999. The Siegel heirs now owned 50% of Superman, the other half remaining with DC Comics.
The copyright on the first published Superman stories will expire on January 1, 2034. This will not put the character into the public domain; just the 1938 stories. Superman was a rather different character back then, with more limited powers, and the later versions will still belong to DC.
But there are limits to what someone can do with public domain characters. For one thing, the character can only be used as it existed 95 years earlier. Let's take Superman, for example, who first appeared in DC's Action Comics #1 in 1938 and enters the public domain in 2033.
So who owns Superman? The copyright on the Superman character is now jointly owned by DC Comics and by Joanne Siegel and Laura Siegel Lawson. Most works featuring Superman – comic books, movies, cartoons, etc. – are still property of DC.
In the US, Popeye is considered “work for hire” because “Segar was an employee of King Features Syndicate when he introduced Popeye into the Thimble Theatre comic strip.” This means that Popeye will enter the public domain in the US on January 1, 2025.
The term of copyright for a particular work depends on several factors, including whether it has been published, and, if so, the date of first publication. As a general rule, for works created after January 1, 1978, copyright protection lasts for the life of the author plus an additional 70 years.
Many classic creations will be following in Winnie the Pooh's footsteps and entering the public domain in the next few years. In addition to Winnie the Pooh, Piglet and Eeyore have already been released into the public domain. Following them, Tigger's copyright protection is set to lapse in 2024.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in 1910, before the cutoff of January 1, 1928. The longest-living author of this work died in 1943, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 79 years or less.
Like Doyle's short stories still under copyright protection, elements from A.A. Milne's second book, The House at Pooh Corner, are not yet in the public domain. Tigger was first introduced in this second book, and therefore is still copyright protected and cannot be used without a proper license.
The children's book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum in 1900 is in the public domain. This follows the general rule that any work published before 1923 is in the public domain. The film, The Wizard of Oz, starring Judy Garland and directed in 1939 by Victor Fleming is NOT in the public domain.
What will happen when Mickey Mouse becomes public domain?
If anyone decides to use the Mickey Mouse that is in the public domain it cannot be used in any way that would imply to the consumer that it is associated with Disney. If someone uses the Mickey Mouse imagery in a way that people will think of Disney, in theory, Disney could say you violated their trademark.
Tolkien died in 1973, so his works will enter the public domain in 2043 in those countries. In the US, copyright for works published before 2976 lasts for 95 years after publication (not creation). The first volume was published in 1954. Thus it will not enter the public domain inn the US until 2049.
Sonic is copyrighted. It's just sega's legal team are leniant when it comes to fan projects. As long as you don't try to make money from your fan project that uses Sonic then they won't step in. Unlike Nintendo who have sent cease and desist to owners of various fan games based on Nintendo franchises.
Da Frè continued; "That being said, what these fans are doing is in fact completely illegal and should those fan-based films find themselves in a tangled web of controversy, especially that of Spider-Man: Lotus, you'll quickly see the studios reaction to protect the 'image' and 'integrity' of the Spider-Man franchise."
