As the Chosen One in his prime, it's quite possible that Anakin would have had a strong chance of defeating Palpatine aka Dark Sidious. Palpatine himself told Yoda before their Revenge of the Sith duel on Coruscant that Darth Vader would become more powerful than either of them as he continued to grow in the dark side.
As such, if Anakin was powerful enough to shift the galaxy's power scale in Palpatine's favor, he was powerful to pose a threat to Palpatine. Darth Vader did not have the spirit to challenge Palpatine, at least in the current canon, but a hypothetical prime Anakin Skywalker could defeat Darth Sidious.
Vader knew that he could never defeat Palpatine by himself (especially after his master bested him on Exegol as well), which is why he tried to recruit Luke to help overthrow him during the Empire Strikes Back. He may have not been able to overthrow the Emperor, but he could throw him over the railing to save his son.
Anakin would absolutely walk over Rey. Not only is he the most force-sensitive being ever, but he is extremely skilled with a lightsaber. Rey, on the other hand, does something called “Baseball bat swing.” Where she swings her lightsaber around trying to hit anything and everything. This fight is over.
Despite being the Chosen One, Anakin Skywalker was not the most powerful Jedi in Star Wars, as that honor goes to Ahsoka Tano. The Star Wars prequel trilogy focused on Anakin's desire to become the most powerful Jedi, and while he became very strong in the Force, his lust for power drove him to the dark side.
Obi-Wan faced off against Darth Vader four times and physically beat him twice while beating him through his Force development in a third fight. Obi-Wan Kenobi had the high ground that led to Vader's disfigurement and becoming the ultimate Star Wars cyborg.
The only Sith Lord who actually killed Vader, Darth Sidious kept his apprentice in line for over two decades. His true advantage was Force lightning, a power which would wreak havoc on the suit keeping him alive.
But after Anakin chopped off Dooku's arms, Dooku was helpless and chose to submit. Killing an unarmed, helpless man rather than turn him in for gathering information and exacting justice was NOT the Jedi way. Dooku, shocked that Sidious would not save him.
It's already been shown in the source material… more than once… that Darth Maul is not on Darth Sidious's level. Every time he dueled Sidious as his apprentice (in Legends) he got easily defeated.
Kylo lost to Rey in TFA because he was heavily wounded and was holding back against her due to Snoke's request that he bring her back to him alive. He is also stated by Palpatine in the Secrets of the Sith book to be “equally as powerful as a real Sith despite not being one”.
George Lucas has stated that while Anakin had the most potential, in the form of a high midichlorian count, Luke Skywalker is the most powerful Jedi of all time — yes, topping Yoda, Revan, Nomi Sunrider, etc. This is due to more refined power.
The realistic answer seems to be, yes, Anakin in his prime could have defeated Luke Skywalker (in the current canon) if they battled one-on-one. The main reason behind this is Luke's lack of formal Jedi training, at least when it comes to combat.
It was the same Anakin from the prequel Star Wars trilogy and Star Wars: The Clone Wars, but with the terrifying strength he draws from the dark side of the Force. Without his cybernetic suit holding him back, Anakin is an unstoppable force, making someone as strong as Ahsoka struggle greatly against him.
Kylo and Rey (Daisy Ridley) also blasted the Imperial Crusier open trying to Force pull the Lightsaber away from each other, so clearly, Kylo Ren is an extremely strong Force-wielder. Nonetheless, it can be said that Darth Vader is the more powerful master of the Force for one key reason: his temperament.
Darth Vader and Kylo Ren are powerful villains in Star Wars, but Vader's control and training give him the edge over Kylo Ren. Kylo Ren may have raw Force power, but Vader's mastery of the Force and lightsaber skills make him the more formidable opponent.
